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Author: Nicole Lieberman

Un-Blurring Substantial Similarity: Aesthetic Judgments and Romantic Authorship in Music Copyright Law

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By Nicole Lieberman*

Introduction
I. Historical Background of Music in Copyright Infringement Law
A. Music’s Initial Encounters in Early Legislation and Case Law
B. The Idea-Expression Distinction
C. Evolution of the Copyright Infringement Tests
1. Second Circuit Copying/Unlawful Appropriation Test
i. Copying-in-Fact
ii. Unlawful Appropriation
iii. Further Developments and Confusions of the Arnstein Test
2. Ninth Circuit: “Total Concept and Feel”
i. Extrinsic Test
ii. Intrinsic Test
iii. Further Developments and Confusions of the Krofft Test
II. The Roots, Flaws, and Legacy of Arnstein
A. Problems with Arnstein and the Ordinary Observer
B. Krofft: Reconciling Arnstein and the Idea-Expression Dichotomy?
C. The Modern Music Dilemma
1. Scènes a Faire in Music: “Blurred Lines” as a Case in Point
III. Considering Dissection and Reversed Questions of Law and Fact
Conclusion
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Nicole Lieberman December 30, 2016 JIPEL Vol. 6 - No. 1
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