By Joy Y. Xiang* Download a PDF version of this article here.
Introduction
I. Groundwork: Climate Change, Clean Technologies, and International Transfer of Clean Technologies
A. Climate Change
B. Clean Technologies
C. International Transfer of Clean Technologies to Developing Nations
1. Transferring Clean Technologies to Developing Nations Has Been an Important Focus of International Climate Change Efforts
2. Technology Transfer Defined
3. International Transfer of Clean Technologies to Developing Nations Has Been Limited
D. How to Increase Transfer of Clean Technologies to Developing Nations – An Ongoing Debate
1. Developing Nations
2. Developed Nations
II. Analysis: Possible Reasons for the Limited International Transfer of Clean Technologies to Developing Nations
A. Is the Existence of IPR a Major Barrier for Transfer of Clean Technologies to Developing Nations?
1. IPR and Its Role
2. Evidential Data
i. Investments for Clean Technologies
ii. Patent Ownership for Clean Technologies
3. Assessment
i. The Emerging Economies
ii. The LDCs
iii. The Other Developing Nations – i.e., the Mid-tier Developing Nations
B. What Are the Potential Underlying Reasons for the Limited Transfer of Clean Technologies to Developing Nations?
1. Evidential Data
i. Developing Nations’ Own Assessments
ii. Other Evidential Data
2. Assessment
i. International Technology Licensing
ii. Foreign Direct Investment
iii. International Trade
C. Summary
III. Proposal: Focus on Domestic Innovation, International Aid, and International Technology Collaboration
A. Domestic Innovation
1. Developed Nations
2. Developing Nations
i. Building National IPR Systems That Reflect Developmental Realities
ii. Building up National Capacity to Attract Inbound Transfer of Clean Technologies
B. International Aid
C. International Technology Collaboration
IV. Appraisal: Advantage and Concerns Regarding the Proposal
A. Advantages
B. Concerns
Conclusion
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